ICMR STUDY ON DIABETES
1. Context
India is grappling with a significant burden of metabolic disorders, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and high cholesterol levels.
A recently published study conducted by the Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Indian Council of Medical Research sheds light on the prevalence of these non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the Indian population and emphasizes the importance of targeted health policies.
2. Findings of the Study
Diabetes Prevalence
- Over a quarter of the population is either diabetic or prediabetic.
- 11.4% of India's population (101 million people) lives with diabetes.
- An additional 15.3% (136 million people) are in the prediabetic stage.
- Nearly half of prediabetics are likely to develop diabetes within five years.
Hypertension Prevalence
Hypertension affects 35.5% of the population (315 million people) in India.
Obesity Prevalence
- BMI-based obesity: 28.6% of the population would be considered obese.
- Abdominal obesity: 39.5% of the population (351 million people) have abdominal obesity.
High Cholesterol Levels
24% of the population (213 million people) live with hypercholesterolemia.
3. Significance of the Indiab Study
Extensive Data Collection
- The Indiab study spans 12 years and includes over 113,000 participants.
- It provides accurate prevalence rates of metabolic disorders in the Indian population.
- The study also revealed that only 7% of known diabetics have their sugar, BP, and cholesterol levels under control.
Representative and Large-Scale
- The study ensures representation of the Indian population by including participants from rural and urban areas.
- It is one of the largest studies ever conducted, encompassing all states and union territories.
4. Geographical Variation
Rural-Urban Divide
- Diabetes prevalence: 16.4% in urban India, and 8.9% in rural India.
- Prediabetes prevalence: Similar in rural and urban areas.
Regional Variation
- Diabetes prevalence: Higher in Southern states, Delhi, and Punjab.
- Diabetes prevalence is lowest in Uttar Pradesh.
- Hypertension prevalence is highest in Punjab.
- Highest prevalence of abdominal obesity in Puducherry.
- Highest prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Kerala.
Tracking Changes Over Time
To study trends, follow-up data collection will be conducted in states with varying disease prevalence, such as Arunachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
5. Implications for Policy Development
Utilizing Granular Data
- State governments can develop targeted health policies using data specific to their regions.
- Prevention and screening programs and future health infrastructure should be prioritized based on prevalence rates.
- Government health and wellness centres already include screening and medicines for NCDs.
Lifestyle Interventions and Medications
- Encouraging lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, sleep, no smoking/alcohol) is crucial.
- Medications like statins or metformin can be provided to control cholesterol or blood glucose levels.
- By leveraging the study's findings, policymakers can address the growing burden of metabolic disorders in India and implement effective strategies for prevention, screening, and treatment.
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For Prelims: diabetes, hypertension, obesity, high cholesterol, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Indian Council of Medical Research, non-communicable diseases
For Mains:
1. Discuss the findings of the Indiab study on the prevalence of metabolic disorders in India, Explain the significant numbers of people living with diabetes, pre-diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. (250 Words)
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Previous Year Questions
1. Diabetes is characterized by: (MP Police Constable 2017)
A. Scanty urination
B. Loss of appetite and fatigue
C. No urination
D. Frequent urination and unusual thirst
Answer: D
2. High blood pressure is an example of : (MP Sub Engg 2018)
A. Contagious disease
B. Non-infectious disease
C. Infectious disease
D. Sexually transmitted disease
Answer: B
3. What is not true about Hypertension (MP NHM CHO 2019)
A. Occurs in urban population
B. Normally affects people above 30 yrs of age
C. Cannot be cured permanently by antihypertensive drugs
D. 90-150 is not the correct range for systolic BP
Answer: A
4. All are risk factors for Hypertension except (MP NHM 2019)
A. Obesity B. Family History C. Contaminated water D. Smoking
Answer: C
5. Diagnosis of obesity can be done by calculating BMI, which stands for (MP NHM CHO 2019)
A. Body mind index B. Body metabolic index
C. Basal metabolic index D. Body mass index
Answer: D
6. Read the following passage and answer the item that follows. Your answer to this item should be based on the passage only. (UPSC 2018)
The practice of dieting has become an epidemic; everyone is looking out for a way to attain that perfect body. We are all different with respect to our ethnicity, genetics, family history, gender, age, physical and mental and spiritual health status, lifestyles and preferences. Thereby we also differ in what foods we tolerate or are sensitive to. So we really cannot reduce so many complexities into one diet or diet book. This explains the failure of diets across the world in curbing obesity. Unless the reasons for weight gain are well understood and addressed and unless habits are changed permanently, no diet is likely to succeed.
What is the most logical and rational inference that can be made from the above passage?
A. Obesity has become an epidemic all over the world.
B. A lot of people are obsessed with attaining a perfect body.
C. Obesity is essentially an incurable disease.
D. There is no perfect diet or one solution for obesity.
Answer: D
7. Consider the following statements. (MPSC 2013)
(a) Cholesterol packaged in High-density lipoprotein is called bad cholesterol.
(b) High-density lipoprotein builds up cholesterol and causes blockage of arteries. It can also lead to plaque formation and start atherosclerosis. Now state whether
A. Both the statements are correct and second is the correct explanation of the first.
B. Neither of the statements is correct.
C. Both the statements are correct but the second is not the correct explanation of the first.
D. The first statement is correct not the second.
Answer: B
8. Cholesterol is a? (MP Police SI 2017)
A. Type of chlorophyll
B. Fatty alcohol found in animal fats
C. Derivative of chloroform
D. Chromium salt
Answer: B
9. Full form of ICMR is: (OPSC OAS 2018)
A. Indian Council of Mental Research
B. Indian Council of Medical Research
C. Indian Cultural and Management Research
D. Indian Climate and Meteorology Research
Answer: B
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Source: The Indian Express
