Genetically modified crops (GM crops) are plants that have had their genetic makeup altered in a way that does not occur naturally. This can be done by inserting genes from other organisms, such as bacteria or viruses, or by removing genes. GM crops are often engineered to have specific traits, such as resistance to herbicides or pests, or to improve nutritional content.

In India, the regulation of GM crops is overseen by the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), which is a body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The GEAC has a two-step process for approving GM crops for commercialization:

The GEAC has approved the commercialization of 11 GM crops in India, including Bt cotton, which is the most widely grown GM crop in the country. However, there are still concerns about the safety of GM crops, and some farmers have reported problems with Bt cotton, such as the development of resistance to the Bt toxin.

The regulation of GM crops in India is a complex and controversial issue. There is still much debate about the safety of GM crops, and the GEAC's approval process has been criticized for being too slow and bureaucratic. However, the GEAC is committed to ensuring the safety of GM crops before they are approved for commercialization.

The debate over GM crops is likely to continue for many years to come. There is still much research that needs to be done to understand the potential benefits and risks of GM crops. However, GM crops have the potential to improve food security and nutrition in India, and the GEAC is committed to ensuring that they are safe before they are approved for commercialization.